Transition kann ein Kunstfehler sein - speziell bei Minderjährigen
Chloe Cole, eine Detransitionierte aus Kalifornien, begann mit 12 Jahren ihre soziale Transition, mit 13 Jahren bekam sie Pubertätsblocker und mit 14 Jahren Testosteron. Mit 15 Jahren wurden ihr die Brüste wegoperiert. Ihren Eltern wurde von den Experten erklärt, dass die Transition die einzige Option sei, ihr Kind vor Suizid zu bewahren.
Heute - mit 18 Jahren - beklagt sie eine Menge Folge- und Nebenwirkungen der medizinischen Transition, wie Harnwegsentzündungen, sexuelle Dysfunktionen, Gelenkschmerzen in Armen, Beinen und Rücken, unumkehrbar veränderte Stimme. Während der Transitionsphase hatte sie Depressionen und Ängste.
Seit Chloe 16 Jahre alt ist, bedauert sie ihre Transition, insbesondere die Mastektomie, weil sie sich mittlerweile doch vorstellt, später gerne Kinder zu haben und ihr nun bewusst geworden ist, dass sie nicht wird stillen können. Zudem hat Chloe noch keine Gewissheit, ob ihre Fruchtbarkeit trotz früher Anwendung von Pubertätsblockern gefolgt von Cross-Sex-Hormonen erhalten geblieben ist.
Chloe hat in den USA eine Schadenersatzklage eingereicht.
In einem eindrucksvollen Interview mit Chloe Cole werden vor allem retrospektiv die Ursachen, Hintergründe, Probleme, Illusionen und möglichen Optionen von Chloe's Transition und Detransition beleuchtet:
Chloe berichtete, dass bei ihr vor oder während der Transition keine Komorbiditäten festgestellt wurden. Sie zeigte zwar einige Symptome, die auf Autismus hindeuteten,
but when they brought me to my doctor as a kid they were told ‚oh she's too smart to be autistic, she's too socially developed to be autistic' and so I kind of missed the best opportunity window the best age I guess you would say to get the diagnosis. It wasn't until after I stopped transitioning that I got the diagnosis.
Interviewer*): I can understand why you might have been under a misapprehension but one of the things that a therapist might have done for you is to help you explore the full range of, say, body types that are classified as attractive and to show you that you don't have to be J.Lo to be attractive, and that's definitely the case. And then there's multiple dimensions to attractiveness too that aren't only body focused.
Interviewer: If you came to see me as a therapist the first thing I would do is to figure out what exactly is going on with you. You see that's different than affirming your identity. you could come to me as a client and say well I think I'm a boy and the proper response for me as a therapist is ‚okay, you've said that and I want to find out why that is. But I'm not going to take that as gospel I'm going to find out because we're trying to solve a complicated problem here which is while you're suffering and it is not obvious at all and it's not up to me as a therapist to LEAP to a conclusion. ... That's what you've told me so far okay. But that doesn't mean we know what to do about it yet right. We've laid out the problem landscape but the logical conclusion of that isn't you're a boy and you should go on puberty blockers and then move towards surgery. We're dozens or hundreds of hours away from any decision like that and that's what should have happened to you when you went for therapy. You should have had the time to lay out the whole problem and then to have the space to explore this really deeply so that you could come to terms with what it was that you need how you needed to move forward.
Interviewer: The fact that you were isolated in Middle School, the fact that you had some doubts about your developing identity, it's like yeah that's pretty much par for the course for adolescence. Some kids get through it with a little less scarring than others but most adolescents have a pretty damn miserable time for about three years.
Chloe: „They told them [the parents] that this is pretty much the only means of treating dysphoria there was, like no regard to any alternative treatments. You know, my dad asked about the regret rates and they said like - oh dude, they didn't even use the word transition - they said like ‚oh there's less than a 1 to 2 % regret rate‘ and yeah they also told my parents that if I wasn't allowed to go through with this then I would be at risk of suicide.”
Interviewer: I have some sympathy for your parents because when parents are told you'd better support your child or it'll be suicide, that like backs them into a corner.
Interviewer: There is no evidence whatsoever that transition of the medical sort actually has a salutary effect on mental health partly because the long-term studies simply haven't been done ... if you just leave the kids alone, by the time they're 18 or 19 most of them settle into their biological identities. So the reason I'm stressing this is because your parents, like many parents in this situation, were put in a very difficult position and I would say that what the medical professionals are doing is corrupt to the point of malevolence. And the insistence on asking, would you rather have a live trans child or a dead child.
I don't think there's anything more toxic you can say to a parent than that because that backs them into a corner. The only alternatives they have then are to let their child go ahead with this absolutely life-altering hormonal and then surgical treatment or their child might die and it'd be their fault because they don't care enough. And parents there are accustomed to trusting their medical professionals, at least to some degree, and are accustomed to assuming that the knowledge they put forward is valid and reliable. The information that your family was given was none of those.
Chloe: I was being treated as if I were an adult with the mental faculties to be able to consent to all this and understand what I was consenting to, but I was just a kid.
*)Interviewer ist der kanadische emeritierte Professor (klinische Psychologie) und Autor J. Peterson. Es ist bekannt, dass J. Peterson eine umstrittene Person ist, das Interview mit Chloe Cole ist jedoch so informativ und bewegend, dass wir darauf hinweisen möchten. Machen Sie sich ein eigenes Bild.
Warum Detransitionierte für die Wissenschaft entscheidend sind
Ende 2022 brachte Reuters einen Spezial-Report zum Thema Detransition heraus.
„We cannot carry on in this field that involves permanently changing young people’s bodies if we don’t fully understand what we’re doing and learn from those we fail. ... We need to take responsibility as a medical and mental-health community to see all the outcomes.Dr. Laura Edwards-Leeper, klinische Psychologin für Jugendliche und WPATH-Mitglied
Es ist höchst fragwürdig, wenn gerade Marci Bowers (WPATH-Präsidentin, Transfrau mit Fachgebiet Trans-Chirurgie) sagt, dass letztendlich auch Minderjährige für ihre Entscheidungen verantwortlich sind.
They should not be ‚blaming the clinician or the people who helped guide them,‘ Marcy Bowers said, ‚they need to own that final step.‘
Offensichtlich wird verkannt, dass sich genderdysphorische Jugendliche zum Zeitpunkt der Einwilligung in einer fundamentalen Krise befinden, währenddessen ihnen die medizinische Transition als (manchmal sogar einzige) Lösung für diese Krise angeboten, empfohlen, angepriesen oder verkauft wird. Angesichts der äußerst dürftigen Evidenz sind die allermeisten Minderjährigen und auch ihre Eltern letztlich mit diesen Entscheidungen völlig überfordert.
„Ever since the first clinic to offer gender care to minors in the United States opened in Boston 15 years ago, none of the leading providers have published any systematic, long-term studies tracking outcomes for all patients.”
Im Reuters-Report wird auch erwähnt, dass Detransitionierte oft keine für ihre Situation angemessene Behandlung finden können. Selbst die neuen WPATH-SOC8 enthalten keine Empfehlungen für ÄrztInnen und PsychologInnen, bei denen Detransitionierte Rat suchen.
Im Anhang bietet der Reuters-Report Kurzbeschreibungen der wenigen Detrans-Studien, die in den letzten Jahren erschienen sind.
Chloe Cole's Antwort auf einen Artikel der NY Times
Seit 2021 gibt es 2 Detrans-Studien, die die Gründe für Transition und Detransition untersucht haben. Außerdem geht es um den Unterstützungsbedarf von Detransitionierten (psychologisch, medizinisch, rechtlich und sozial).